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Abstract
The aging of the workforce due to global socio-demographic changes poses a set of challenges and opportunities that are complex to manage and whose results can have diverse consequences for individuals and organizations. The main objective of this article is to analyze the most important ones identified by international research applied to the Ibero-American context. After a contextualization of these socio-demographic changes and their impact on the world of work in the countries of the region, three of the main challenges are addressed. Firstly, that related to the concepts of chronological age and subjective age, as well as other types of conceptualizations of age applied in organizational and labor contexts. Secondly, to analyze the available evidence on the motivation, attitudes, and performance of older workers, to reflect on and question inherited stereotypes about their work ability and behavior. And thirdly, to identify the main elements of the sustainable employability approach, which aims to respond to the challenge of maintaining and prolonging the working lives of older workers under ideal conditions of satisfaction, performance, well-being, and health. The article concludes by identifying some of the main future lines of research and intervention in this field, the importance of which will continue to grow in the coming years.